The RMB is the legal tender of the People's Republic of China, and the People's Bank of China is the competent authority for the design, printing, issuance and recycling of the RMB.。The unit of RMB is yuan, and the unit of the auxiliary currency of RMB is horn and cent.。1 yuan is equal to 10 cents, 1 cents is equal to 10 cents。The People's Republic of China has been issuing RMB for more than 50 years, and has gradually improved and improved with the development of economic construction and the needs of people's lives, and has so far issued five sets of RMB, forming a multi-variety and multi-series monetary system of banknotes and metal coins, ordinary commemorative coins and precious metal commemorative coins.。In addition to the three coins of 1, 2 and 5 cents, the first, second and third sets of RMB have been withdrawn from circulation, and the RMB currently in circulation is the fourth set of RMB issued by the People's Bank of China since 1987 and the fifth set of RMB issued in 1999, with both sets of RMB circulating at the same time.。

Main types

Article 15 of Chapter III of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China stipulates: "The legal tender of the People's Republic of China is the Renminbi."。When the People's Bank of China was established on December 1, 1948, the first set of RMB was issued; the second set of RMB was issued on March 1, 1955; the third set of RMB was issued on April 15, 1962; and the fourth set of RMB was issued on April 27, 1987.。Currently, the market is dominated by the fifth set of RMB in circulation, and some of the fourth set of RMB。In addition, we find ourselves in a position to do so. We find ourselves in a position to do so. We find ourselves in a position to do so. We find ourselves in a position to do so. We find ourselves in a position to do so. We find ourselves in a position to do so. We find ourselves in a position to do so. We find ourselves in a position to do so.

There are 12 types of RMB in circulation in the market, 1, 2, 5 cents, 1, 2, 5 cents, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 yuan。According to the law, the RMB is the main currency above the Chinese dollar, and the remaining horns and cents are the auxiliary currency.。The formation of the main and auxiliary currency three-step system, that is, 1 yuan, 10 cents, 100 cents.。According to the natural properties of the material, there are metal coins (also known as coins), paper money (also known as banknotes)。Regardless of paper money, coins are equivalent circulation.。

First set of RMB

On December 1, 1948, the People's Bank of China established and issued the first set of RMB, with 12 denominations and 62 versions, including 2 RMB coupons, 4 RMB coupons, 4 RMB coupons, 7 RMB 20 coupons, 7 RMB 50 coupons, 10 RMB 100 coupons, 5 RMB 200 coupons, 6 RMB 500 coupons, 6 RMB 1000 coupons, 5 RMB 5000 coupons, 4 RMB 10000 coupons and 2 RMB 50000 coupons.。

The unified issuance of RMB was a major measure taken to welcome the liberation of the whole country, which eliminated all kinds of currencies issued by the Kuomintang government, put an end to decades of inflation under Kuomintang rule and China's nearly 100-year history of foreign currency, gold and silver coins being traded in the market, promoted the overall victory of the People's Liberation War, and played an important role in the economic recovery period in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China.。

Second set of RMB

The second set of RMB was issued on March 1, 1955, while the first set of RMB was recovered.。The conversion ratio of the second set of RMB and the first set of RMB is 1: 10000.。The second set of RMB has 11 denominations of 1 cent, 2 cents, 5 cents, 1 cent, 2 cents, 5 cents, 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 3 yuan, 5 yuan and 10 yuan, of which there are 2 types of 1 yuan coupons, 2 types of 5 yuan coupons, and 2 types of banknotes and coins for 1, 2 and 5 yuan coupons.。In order to facilitate circulation, three types of coins, 1 cent, 2 cents and 5 cents, have been issued since 1 December 1957 and are in circulation at the same value as paper cents.。Black $1 and brown $5 coupons were issued on March 25, 1961 and April 20, 1962, respectively, with adjustments and changes to the face pattern and pattern, respectively.。Due to the high technical requirements of large denomination banknotes, at that time 3, 5, 10 yuan was printed by the Soviet Union.。

The second set of RMB design has a clear theme, advanced printing technology, reasonable structure of main and auxiliary coins, and novel patterns and colors.。The main scene pattern embodies the style and features of socialist construction in New China, and expresses the fighting course of the Chinese Communist Party's revolution and the theme of the great unity of the people of all ethnic groups.。In the printing process in addition to the coin, other coupons are all used gravure overprinting, gravure printing plate is made by China's traditional manual carving method, with a unique national style, its advantages are deep pattern, thick ink layer, has a better anti-counterfeiting function.。

Third set of RMB

The third set of RMB was issued on April 20, 1962, with 7 denominations and 13 versions of 1 jiao, 2 jiao, 5 jiao, 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 5 yuan and 10 yuan, of which there are 4 types of 1 jiao coupons (including 1 coin), and 2 types of paper money and coins for 2 jiao, 5 jiao and 1 yuan.。In 1966 and 1967, the 1-cent note was revised twice, mainly by adding a full-page watermark and adjusting the color on the back.。

The third set of RMB coupon design patterns more intensively reflect the policy of China's national economy at that time based on agriculture, dominated by industry, and the importance of agriculture.。In the printing process, the third set of RMB inherits and carries forward the technical tradition and style of the second set of RMB.。In the process of plate making, the combination of machine and traditional handwork makes the pattern and pattern lines fine; the ink color matching is reasonable, the color is novel and bright; the paper width is small, and the pattern is beautiful and generous。

The fourth set of RMB

In order to meet the needs of economic development, further improve China's monetary system and facilitate circulation and transaction accounting, the People's Bank of China has issued the fourth set of RMB since April 27, 1987.。There are 9 denominations of 1 jiao, 2 jiao and 5 jiao, 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 50 yuan, 100 yuan, of which 1 jiao, 5 jiao, 1 yuan has 2 kinds of banknotes and coins。Compared with the third set of RMB, an increase of 50, 100 yuan in large denominations of RMB。In order to meet the needs of anti-counterfeiting RMB work, on August 20, 1992, a revised version of the 1990 50, 100 yuan coupon was issued, adding a security line.。

The fourth set of RMB has certain innovations and breakthroughs in design ideas, styles and printing processes.。The main scene pattern embodies the theme of building socialism with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people of all ethnic groups in China are in high spirits and unite as one.。In terms of design style, this set of RMB maintains and carries forward the traditional characteristics of Chinese national art.。In the printing process, the main scene all used a large figure head watermark, engraving process is complex; banknote paper respectively used a full-plate watermark and fixed portrait watermark, it not only shows the line picture, but also shows the light and dark level, the process technology is very high, further improve the technical level of China's banknote printing process and banknote anti-counterfeiting capabilities。

The fifth set of RMB

On October 1, 1999, the People's Bank of China issued the fifth set of RMB, with eight denominations of 1 jiao, 5 jiao, 1 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 20 yuan, 50 yuan and 100 yuan, of which 1 jiao, 5 jiao and 1 yuan were banknotes and coins.。The fifth set of RMB has increased the denomination by 20 yuan and eliminated the denomination by 2 yuan according to the needs of market circulation, making the denomination structure more reasonable.。

The fifth set of RMB inherits the traditional experience of China's printing technology, draws on the advanced technology of foreign banknote design, and has greatly improved its anti-counterfeiting performance and adaptation to the modernization of currency handling.。The front of each denomination currency adopts the head portrait of Chairman Mao Zedong in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the bottom lining adopts the famous Chinese flower pattern, and the main scene pattern on the back fully expresses China by selecting representative patterns with national characteristics.

main exchange rate

RMB from 1949 to 1952 with a floating exchange rate system。From 1953 to 1973, under the planned economy system, the RMB was officially pegged to the US dollar and the exchange rate was kept at 1 US dollar to 2 US dollars..The level of 46 yuan。But in this era, there is very little foreign trade in mainland China, so the RMB exchange rate is not very meaningful.。In 1973, due to the oil crisis, the world price level rose, the western countries generally implemented a floating exchange rate system, exchange rate fluctuations frequently.。In order to adapt to this change in the international exchange rate system and the adverse effects of changes in the exchange rates of major international currencies in reality, according to the principle of facilitating the implementation of RMB-denominated settlement, facilitating trade and being accepted by foreign trade, the RMB exchange rate is adjusted by using the weighted average calculation method of "a basket of currencies" with reference to the floating conditions of the currencies of Western countries.。For this reason, the exchange rate of the RMB against the US dollar was changed from l to 2 in 1973..46 yuan was gradually transferred to 1 in 1980.50 yuan, the dollar depreciated 39 against the yuan.2%, the pound exchange rate for the same period from 1 pound to 5.9l yuan to 3.44 yuan, the pound depreciated against the yuan 41.6%。From 1980 to 1994, mainland China had a dual exchange rate regime。

From 1981 to 1984, the initial implementation of the dual exchange rate system, that is, in addition to the official exchange rate, a separate application of import and export trade settlement and foreign trade unit economic benefit accounting of the internal settlement price of trade foreign exchange, the price is determined according to the export exchange cost at that time, fixed at 2..80 yuan level。The official exchange rate of the RMB was influenced by both internal and external factors, and its exchange rate against the United States dollar increased from 1 in July 1981..50 yuan adjusted downward to 2 in July 1984.30 yuan, the yuan depreciated 53 against the dollar.3%。Return to the single exchange rate regime from 1985 to April 1991。The exchange rate continued to adjust downward, from 2 July 1984..30 down to 2 in January 1985.80, and then many times down。Although the single exchange rate system was restored at this stage, in practice, with the increase of retained foreign exchange, the volume of foreign exchange transfers is increasing and the price is getting higher and higher, so it is nominally a single exchange rate, and in fact a new dual exchange rate has been formed.。April 1991 to the end of 1993。Fine-tuning of the RMB exchange rate at this stage。In more than two years, the official exchange rate has been lowered dozens of times, but it has still not kept up with changes in export exchange costs and foreign exchange transfer prices.。By the end of 1993, the official exchange rate of the RMB against the US dollar and the transfer rate were 5.7 and 8.7。It can be seen that the evolution and reform of the RMB exchange rate regime during this period was characterized by the coexistence of the official exchange rate and the transfer market exchange rate, and the gradual downward adjustment of the official exchange rate.。The yuan has been informally pegged to the U.S. dollar since 1994, with an exchange rate of only 8 to 1..27 to 8.28 yuan floating within this very narrow range。

Average USD / RMB price over the years since 1971 (1 USD exchange)

Year Price Year Price Year Price

2 of 1971.462 1985 2.937 1999 8.278

1972 2.245 1986 3.453 2000 8.279

1 of 1973.989 1987 3.722 August 2001.277

1974 1.961 1988 3.722 August 2002.277

1975 1.859 1989 3.765 August 2003.277

RMB

Ordinary commemorative coins are limited-issue RMB with a specific theme.。Since the People's Bank of China issued its first set of ordinary commemorative coins in 1984, it has issued 63 sets of 75 (sheets) ordinary commemorative coins, with a total circulation of about 8.500 million pieces (Zhang)。These commemorative coins have a variety of topics, unique designs, a variety of specifications and materials, novel and beautiful patterns, with denominations ranging from 1 jiao, 1 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 50 yuan and 100 yuan, condensing the brilliant achievements and major historical events of the People's Republic of China over the past 50 years into the square inches of the commemorative coins.。These commemorative coins are an important part of the RMB series, enriching and improving China's monetary system, promoting China's monetary culture, and constantly exploring and innovating, playing a positive role in promoting commodity circulation and economic development and expanding foreign exchanges.。

Release Background

First set issued

Legal tender issued by the People's Bank of China。In yuan (circle)。Issued on December 1, 1948。With ￥as the code name, take the initials of the "Yuan" Chinese Pinyin yuan capital letters plus two horizontal lines。After the issuance, the local currency issued by the liberated areas was withdrawn one after another, and all of it was collected in April 1951.。Subsequently, the various currencies issued by the Kuomintang government were eliminated by the exchange method.。In order to establish an independent and unified RMB market, the State prohibits the circulation of gold, silver and foreign currencies in the market.。After controlling the continuous inflation since the Anti-Japanese War, the state, in order to maintain the long-term stability of the value of the RMB and eliminate the legacy of inflation, since March 1, 1953, issued a new RMB, according to 1 yuan new currency into the old currency 10,000 yuan for exchange, prices, wages and all debts are also converted at this rate.。RMB denominations are 100 yuan, 50 yuan, 10 yuan, 5 yuan, 2 yuan, 1 yuan main currency, 5 jiao, 2 jiao, 1 jiao, 5 cents, 2 cents, 1 cent auxiliary currency, and 1 yuan, 5 jiao, 2 jiao, 1 jiao, 5 cents, 2 cents, 1 cent metal auxiliary currency。Foreign exchange certificates are bills that circulate in the same value as RMB within a specified range and ceased to circulate on July 1, 1995.。

Incomplete RMB refers to some RMB for some reason obviously missing a part of the currency, called incomplete RMB。In daily life, many people will encounter incomplete RMB, the People's Bank of China promulgated the "incomplete RMB exchange measures" stipulates:

Where the incomplete RMB belongs to the following two cases, it shall be fully exchanged with the bank's business department with the currency.。

1, the incomplete part of the face is not more than one-fifth, the rest of the pattern, text can be connected as it is;

2, the face is defaced, smoked, water wet, oil immersion, discoloration, but can distinguish between true and false, the face is complete or incomplete part of no more than one-fifth, the rest can be connected as is。

Where the incomplete RMB belongs to the following circumstances, it can be converted in half.。

If the face of the ticket is more than one-fifth to one-half incomplete, and the rest of the pattern and text can be connected as it is, it can be exchanged for half of the bank's business department, but not for circulation.。Where the incomplete RMB belongs to the following circumstances, it cannot be exchanged.。

1. More than half of the incomplete face;

2, face defacement, scorching, water wet, discoloration can not distinguish between true and false;。Inconvertible and incomplete RMB shall be recovered and destroyed by the People's Bank of China and shall not be circulated for use.。

Timely recovery of damaged and incomplete RMB in market circulation, keeping the RMB clean and tidy, and safeguarding the credibility of the country require the cooperation of all sectors of society.。Whether it is an individual or a unit, if there is damage or incomplete RMB that is not suitable for circulation, you should not use it again or look for payment, but should pick it up, glue it up, and send it back to the bank or exchange it at any time.。

1. Relevant Provisions of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China

Chapter III Section IV Crimes of Disrupting the Order of Financial Administration

Article 170 Whoever forges currency shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan; in any of the following circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan or confiscation of property.

(1) the ringleader of a counterfeit currency syndicate;

(2) the amount of counterfeit currency is particularly huge;

(iii) Other particularly serious circumstances。

Article 171: Whoever sells or purchases counterfeit currency or knowingly transports counterfeit currency in a relatively large amount shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention and a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan;。

If a staff member of a bank or other financial institution purchases counterfeit currency or takes advantage of his position to exchange counterfeit currency for currency, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years, and a fine of not less than twenty thousand yuan and not more than two hundred thousand yuan;。

Whoever counterfeits currency and sells or transports the counterfeit currency shall be convicted and given a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of Article 170 of this Law.。

Article 172: Whoever knowingly holds or uses counterfeit currency in a relatively large amount shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, and shall be sentenced to a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan;。

Article 173: Whoever alters money in a relatively large amount shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, and shall also or solely be sentenced to a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan; if the amount is huge, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than 10 years, and a fine of not more than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan.。

2. Relevant Provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China

Article 18: Prohibition of Forgery and Alteration of Renminbi。Prohibit the sale, purchase of counterfeit, altered RMB。It is prohibited to transport, hold or use forged or altered RMB。Prohibition of Intentional Damage to Renminbi。

Article 19: No unit or individual may print or sell token coupons to replace RMB for circulation in the market.。

Article 41: Whoever counterfeits RMB, sells counterfeit RMB or knowingly transports counterfeit RMB shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law; if the circumstances are minor, the public security organ shall impose a detention of not more than 15 days and a fine of not more than 5,000 yuan.。

Article 42: Anyone who purchases forged or altered RMB or knowingly holds or uses forged or altered RMB shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law if the case constitutes a crime; if the circumstances are minor, the public security organ shall impose a detention of not more than 15 days and a fine of not more than 5,000 yuan.。

Article 43: Where RMB patterns are illegally used on propaganda materials, publications or other commodities, the People's Bank of China shall order corrections, destroy the illegally used RMB patterns, confiscate the illegal gains, and impose a fine of less than 50,000 yuan.。

Article 44: Where tokens are printed or sold to replace the circulation of RMB in the market, the People's Bank of China shall order the cessation of the illegal act and impose a fine of not more than 200,000 yuan.。

circulation field

1. Hong Kong and Macao

RMB is not legal tender in Hong Kong and Macau。They have Hong Kong dollars and patacas issued at their discretion in accordance with the Basic Law.。However, some shops in Hong Kong and Macao now accept the use of RMB for transactions, and some banks in Hong Kong have also opened RMB accounts, allowing the public to deposit, withdraw or transfer RMB cash.。On 24 December 2003, the People's Bank of China appointed Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited as the clearing bank for RMB business in Hong Kong.。

2, Taiwan

Taiwan's legal tender is the New Taiwan Dollar, and all transactions are conducted in the New Taiwan Dollar.。Therefore, the general business in Taiwan does not accept the use of RMB。Taiwan law also considers the RMB only as "securities" and does not have currency status.。Banks in Taiwan generally do not accept the exchange of RMB, but financial institutions, terminals and terminals in Matsu and Kinmen opened the exchange of RMB on October 3 and October 4, 2005, respectively, with a ceiling of RMB 20,000 each time.。

3 Other areas

RMB can be freely used in foreign exchange shops in North Korea。

The renminbi can be used in a few areas of Vietnam, mainly on the northern border.。

At the Zimbabwe Business Forum in Shanghai on 12 August 2010, the Minister of Tourism of Zimbabwe, Walter Muzenby (Hon.Walter Mzembi) He said Zimbabwe's monetary system must be changed to allow the yuan to circulate in Zimbabwe and become one of Zimbabwe's currencies in circulation。

Related News

August 2010, the fourth edition of the RMB trading hot 80 version of 50 yuan single maximum 2000 yuan。

Rare three yuan face value RMB

Three yuan face value RMB

The RMB with a face value of three yuan does flow through our money market.。This 1953 issue of paper money is the only denomination of three yuan in China, due to historical reasons have been recycled, the current existence of very small.。

This note is light green overall, 16 cm long and 7 cm wide..2 cm, slightly larger than the current circulation of 1 yuan, the two ends of the front each have traditional three-yuan characters, marked "1953" below, directly above the "People's Bank of China" six characters, the middle is the Jinggangshan Longyuankou stone bridge picture, the lace around the stone bridge is dark green, the middle of the shade is yellow, the back of the note is a pattern and national emblem, in the middle of the four characters。

History of RMB

A collection expert in Fujian Province said that the version of the RMB 10 yuan coupon, 5 yuan coupon and 3 yuan coupon for the Soviet Union on behalf of the printing, and then because of the bad relations between China and the Soviet Union, the Soviet side used the printing plate in their hands to continue printing, and through Xinjiang and the northeast border into China, in an attempt to disrupt the financial order。Starting from April 1964, the People's Bank of China has a one-month deadline for the recovery and destruction of the 1953 version of the above three denominations, and all overdue and unaccepted versions will be invalidated.。

Exchange Rate Data

The latest statistics released by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) on August 18, 2010 show that the real effective exchange rate of the RMB in July 2010 continued the downward trend of June, down nearly 1% from the previous month.。The real effective exchange rate index of RMB was 117 in July..88; the nominal effective exchange rate index is 115.72, down 1 month on month.45%。The difference between the two reflects the difference in inflation between China and its major trading partners, such as the United States, Japan and Europe.。