According to online reports, Anurag Arjun, co-founder of unified chain abstraction solution Avail and Polygon layer-2 extension solution, said that most current chain abstraction technologies will cause the cryptocurrency ecosystem to become more decentralized. The technology founder said that each different blockchain foundation layer has its own set of security assumptions, which makes interoperability between chains a challenge. Arjun explained: "They have their own validators and crypto-economic security. Therefore, you have to create infrastructure called light clients, such as two-way light clients. This is generally the main bottleneck. Avail co-founder added that bridging between chains is usually a multi-step communication process between blockchain networks, which is costly and risky, while isolating users and capital into scattered pools.